Baby Chakraborty, KalimNews, October 29, 2024, Kolkata: At 62, Geeta Devi’s life changed drastically when she suffered a cerebral stroke three years ago. Initially marked by confusion in speech, her condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to unconsciousness. Though she survived and returned home after an extended hospital stay, her ability to speak remains severely impaired, a reality faced by countless stroke survivors in India. As World Stroke Day is observed today, her story underscores the pressing need for better speech rehabilitation care for stroke patients across the country.
Each year, millions die globally from strokes, with many survivors living with long-term disabilities, including speech and language impairments. According to The Lancet Neurology (2019), at least 15 million people are affected worldwide each year, with India accounting for an estimated 1.8 million cases. Dr. Moh Shahidul Arefin, a speech pathologist at Kolkata’s SSKM Hospital, explained that approximately 50% of stroke patients experience speech or language issues, and up to 60% develop swallowing difficulties, a condition known as dysphagia. “Dysphagia can lead to complications like aspirated pneumonia, which can be fatal if untreated. Studies show that addressing dysphagia early with a speech pathologist could lower pneumonia risk by 45%,” Dr. Arefin emphasized, citing research from the American Journal of Medicine (2021).
Internationally, speech pathologists are an integral part of stroke recovery teams in countries such as the USA, UK, and Australia. These countries follow American Stroke Association and NHS guidelines that recommend consulting a speech pathologist within 24 to 48 hours of a stroke diagnosis. Evidence shows that including speech pathologists from the start significantly reduces the duration and cost of hospital stays, helps in quicker recovery, and prevents long-term communication disabilities.
However, India has yet to integrate speech pathologists into stroke care comprehensively. Only 25% of hospitals in India employ full-time speech pathologists within ICU specialist teams, leaving many stroke survivors without adequate rehabilitation support. This gap in care often leads to lifelong disabilities that could otherwise be mitigated. Recognizing this shortfall, the West Bengal branch of the All India Speech and Hearing Association has appealed to state health authorities, urging the government to prioritize stroke recovery by integrating speech pathology services into ICU protocols.
On this World Stroke Day, the Association’s General Secretary has formally addressed the state’s Health Secretary and Chief Secretary, highlighting the need for public awareness and government action. “Early intervention with speech pathologists is crucial,” he stated. “The government must adopt the protocols followed in developed countries to provide stroke patients with the best chance for recovery.”
Advocates call for policies that ensure every stroke patient in ICU has immediate access to speech pathologists, both during treatment and throughout recovery. By addressing the need for dedicated speech rehabilitation in hospitals and educating the public, they believe India could transform stroke recovery outcomes and help patients like Geeta Devi regain their quality of life.